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Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nature communications

Publication Date

05/01/2021

Volume

12

Pages

24 - 24

Addresses

Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Keywords

Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC), Humans, Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance, Insulin, Blood Glucose, Waist-Hip Ratio, Fasting, Anorexia Nervosa, Sex Factors, Gene Expression, Sex Characteristics, Phenotype, Adult, Middle Aged, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Male, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors, Genome-Wide Association Study, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins, Genetic Loci