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BACKGROUND: BCG, the only licensed tuberculosis vaccine, affords poor protection against lung tuberculosis in infants and children. A new tuberculosis vaccine, which may enhance the BCG-induced immune response, is urgently needed. We assessed the safety of and characterized the T cell response induced by 3 doses of the candidate vaccine, MVA85A, in BCG-vaccinated infants from a setting where tuberculosis is endemic. METHODS:  Infants aged 5-12 months were vaccinated intradermally with either 2.5 × 10(7), 5 × 10(7), or 10 × 10(7) plaque-forming units of MVA85A, or placebo. Adverse events were documented, and T-cell responses were assessed by interferon γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS: The 3 MVA85A doses were well tolerated, and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. MVA85A induced potent, durable T-cell responses, which exceeded prevaccination responses up to 168 d after vaccination. No dose-related differences in response magnitude were observed. Multiple CD4 T cell subsets were induced; polyfunctional CD4 T cells co-expressing T-helper cell 1 cytokines with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor predominated. IFN-γ-expressing CD8 T cells, which peaked later than CD4 T cells, were also detectable. CONCLUSIONS: MVA85A was safe and induced robust, polyfunctional, durable CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in infants. These data support efficacy evaluation of MVA85A to prevent tuberculosis in infancy. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00679159.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/infdis/jir195

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Infect Dis

Publication Date

15/06/2011

Volume

203

Pages

1832 - 1843

Keywords

Acyltransferases, Age Factors, Antigens, Bacterial, BCG Vaccine, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay, Female, Humans, Infant, Interferon-gamma, Male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Placebos, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Vaccines